Machu Picchu: An Archaeological Treasure in the Andes

Machu Picchu , located high in the Peruvian Andes , is one of the most famous and mysterious archeological destinations in the world. In this article, we will explore the history of Machu Picchu, from its origins as an Inca citadel to its discovery and recognition as a World Heritage Site. Immerse yourself in the fascinating past of this archaeological treasure and discover why it is a must-see for travelers and history buffs.

The history of Machu Picchu is intrinsically linked to the ancient Inca empire, one of the most impressive civilizations in South America. The Incas ruled a vast region stretching from southern Colombia to northern Argentina and Chile , their empire reaching its height in the 15th century.

Construction and Design of Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu was built during the reign of the Inca emperor Pachacutec , who ruled from 1438 to 1472. The citadel is believed to have been built around the year 1450 and became an important political, religious, and cultural center of the Inca empire. Machu Picchu's location on top of a mountain, at an altitude of approximately 2,400 meters, demonstrates the meticulous engineering and planning of the Incas. The citadel is surrounded by imposing mountains and offers impressive views of the Sacred Valley of the Incas. The exact function of Machu Picchu remains a mystery, but it is believed that it was used as a religious sanctuary and a refuge for the Inca elite. The citadel features several temples, residences, agricultural terraces, and sophisticated water systems, indicating its importance as a ceremonial and government center.

Despite its grandeur, Machu Picchu was abandoned and remained hidden from the outside world for centuries. It is estimated that it was abandoned around the 16th century, possibly due to the Spanish conquest and the spread of disease. Machu Picchu was rediscovered in 1911 by the American explorer Hiram Bingham, who was in search of the legendary " lost city " of the Incas. After years of research and exploration, Bingham came across the overgrown ruins on top of the mountain.

Machu Picchu's recognition as a world-class archaeological gem came after Bingham shared his findings with the world. The citadel quickly attracted the attention of archaeologists and travelers alike, becoming an iconic destination on many's bucket lists.

World Heritage and Tourism

In 1983, Machu Picchu was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its cultural value and historical importance. This designation contributed to its preservation and protection, while also increasing its popularity as a tourist destination.

Tourism in Machu Picchu has grown significantly in recent decades, which has led to increased attention and concern for the conservation of the site. Measures have been put in place to control the number of daily visitors and preserve the integrity of the ancient structures. Here are some of the activities that cannot be missed during your visit to this wonderful place:

Guided visit to Machu Picchu

One of the best ways to make the most of your visit to Machu Picchu is to take a guided tour. An expert guide will take you through the different sectors of the citadel, providing you with valuable information about the history, architecture, and beliefs of the Incas. You will learn about the temples, agricultural terraces, and water systems that make up this fascinating place.

Inca Trail to Machu Picchu

If you are a trekking lover and are up for a challenging adventure, the Inca Trail is the ideal option for you. This famous trail will take you through spectacular landscapes, past ancient archeological sites and enjoying breathtaking panoramic views. The tour lasts approximately four days and culminates with the arrival at Machu Picchu at dawn, an unforgettable experience.

Machu Picchu Mountain and Huayna Picchu

If you are looking for an impressive panoramic perspective of Machu Picchu, consider climbing the Machu Picchu Mountain or Huayna Picchu. These mountains offer spectacular views of the citadel and its surroundings. Please note that an advance reservation is required due to the limitation of daily visitors. Make sure you are in good physical condition, as the hike can be demanding but rewarding.

Walk to the Puerta del Sol (Inti Punku)

If you prefer a more moderate but equally exciting walk, the walk to Puerta del Sol is an excellent option. This trail will take you along an ancient Inca trail to the viewpoint known as the Puerta del Sol. From there, you will be able to enjoy a panoramic view of Machu Picchu and the impressive surrounding landscape.

Exploration of the Sacred Valley of the Incas

In addition to visiting Machu Picchu, do not miss the opportunity to explore the Sacred Valley of the Incas. This fertile valley is home to numerous archaeological sites, traditional villages, and vibrant markets. Visit the impressive agricultural terraces of Moray, the archaeological remains of Ollantaytambo and the colorful fairs of Pisac. Discover the rich culture and ancestral traditions of the Incas in this valley full of history and charm.

Hot Springs of Aguas Calientes

After a day of exploring in Machu Picchu, relax and renew your energies in the thermal baths of Aguas Calientes. These warm, revitalizing waters are the perfect place to rest tired muscles and enjoy some quiet time surrounded by lush landscaping.

Taste the Local Gastronomy

You cannot stop trying the delicious Peruvian cuisine during your visit to Machu Picchu. Local restaurants offer a wide variety of traditional dishes, such as ceviche, lomo saltado and the famous roasted cuy (guinea pig). Accompany your meal with a pisco sour, the emblematic drink of Peru, and let yourself be seduced by the unique flavors of the region.

Machu Picchu offers a unique experience that combines history, culture, and natural beauty. From exploring ancient Inca ruins to enjoying breathtaking panoramic views, there are activities for all tastes and adventure levels.